Gaius Julius Caesar
{"blocks":[{"key":"3h0eg","text":"Julius Caesar","type":"header-one","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"f1r1i","text":"A Life Marked by War and Power","type":"header-two","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"fqedu","text":"-","type":"atomic","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":1,"key":0}],"data":{}},{"key":"43c99","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"6l7u9","text":"-","type":"atomic","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":1,"key":1}],"data":{}},{"key":"d1lef","text":"Gaius Julius Caesar was one of the most significant figures in Roman history and played a crucial role in the transition from the Roman Republic to the Roman Empire. His life was marked by military successes, political intrigues, and dramatic twists that influenced the fate of antiquity. In this article, we take a look at his life, his deeds, and the major events that made him a legend.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"b6diu","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"a537b","text":"Early Life and Initial Career","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"1pieg","text":"Julius Caesar was born in 100 BC in Rome and came from an ancient Roman family that was not quite at the top politically. Through his mother, Aurelia, he was related to the well-known Roman general Gaius Marius. Marius had great influence at the time, and Caesar was introduced to Rome's political elite.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":134,"length":15,"key":2}],"data":{}},{"key":"b95f0","text":"Already in his youth, Caesar gained experience in the Roman army and was honored for his bravery. A remarkable incident occurred when he was captured by pirates. Instead of succumbing to fear, Caesar mocked the pirates and promised them that he would one day punish them. After being released, he outfitted a fleet, defeated the pirates, and fulfilled his promise.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":141,"length":19,"key":3},{"offset":331,"length":20,"key":4}],"data":{}},{"key":"1t3uc","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"cnhb7","text":"Rise to Power","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"2mbt8","text":"Caesar's political career began when he made a name for himself as a lawyer in Rome. In the following years, he held various offices, including that of quaestor and praetor. In 60 BC, he formed the first triumvirate with Pompey and Crassus, an informal alliance of the three most powerful men in Rome. Together, they could dominate the political landscape of Rome, and Caesar was elected consul in 59 BC.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":152,"length":8,"key":5},{"offset":161,"length":7,"key":6},{"offset":180,"length":2,"key":7},{"offset":236,"length":20,"key":8}],"data":{}},{"key":"dtr04","text":"After his time as consul, Caesar went as proconsul to the province of Gaul, where he fought with great success. Through his military campaigns against the Gauls and other peoples in Europe, he gained incredible fame. The famous phrase \"Veni, vidi, vici\" (\"I came, I saw, I conquered\") is said to have been uttered by Caesar after a swift victory over King Pharnaces II of Pontus.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":236,"length":16,"key":9}],"data":{}},{"key":"8mvue","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"70qgg","text":"The Rubicon and the Civil War","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"5pk3f","text":"The most well-known event in Caesar's life was the crossing of the Rubicon in 49 BC. The Rubicon was a small river in northern Italy, and its crossing by a Roman general was considered the start of a war against Rome. The Roman Senate had commanded Caesar to disband his army, but Caesar refused, which sparked the civil war. When he crossed the Rubicon with his army, he is said to have uttered the famous words \"Alea iacta est\" (\"The die is cast\"). With that, he declared war on the Senate.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":51,"length":23,"key":10},{"offset":242,"length":22,"key":11},{"offset":297,"length":20,"key":12},{"offset":402,"length":14,"key":13}],"data":{}},{"key":"30mfu","text":"The civil war between Caesar and Pompey, the other leading general of the Republic, was marked by numerous battles, including the decisive Battle of Pharsalus in 48 BC, in which Caesar defeated Pompey. Pompey fled to Egypt, where he was murdered.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"59vhm","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"1ld7l","text":"-","type":"atomic","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":1,"key":14}],"data":{}},{"key":"ekmnj","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"a9hnm","text":"Dictator for Life and Death","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"e646f","text":"After his victory in the civil war and the establishment of almost unlimited power, the Senate appointed Caesar as dictator for life. However, this power position met with resistance from many senators. On March 15, 44 BC, the so-called \"Ides of March,\" Caesar was assassinated by a group of conspirators, among them his supposed son Marcus Junius Brutus. His death marked the end of the Roman Republic and laid the foundation for the Roman Empire.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":115,"length":17,"key":15},{"offset":235,"length":13,"key":16}],"data":{}},{"key":"5o3d4","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"e94k9","text":"-","type":"atomic","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":1,"key":17}],"data":{}},{"key":"7l0ko","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"do5mp","text":"Other Significant Events","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"6c5pj","text":"A central part of Caesar's legacy is his reform of the calendar, the so-called Julian calendar, which was used until modern times. Caesar also left his mark on culture, such as through the spread of Roman writing and the promotion of Roman law.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":79,"length":15,"key":18}],"data":{}},{"key":"58pqh","text":"During his campaigns, Caesar not only achieved military successes but also seized the opportunity to conquer new territories. Among his greatest military achievements was the conquest of Gaul, which he documented in the famous \"Commentaries on the Gallic War\" (De Bello Gallico). He also led numerous wars against Germanic tribes and even conducted an expedition to Britain.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":261,"length":16,"key":19},{"offset":347,"length":24,"key":20}],"data":{}},{"key":"2rbdm","text":"His political opponents, such as the conservative senators and Pompey, repeatedly tried to limit his influence, but Caesar was a masterful strategist and politician who skillfully navigated through all political and military turbulence.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"aucu9","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"9vslm","text":"Conclusion","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"ds3mm","text":"Julius Caesar was a man of extraordinary military and political talent whose life and actions profoundly shaped Roman history. His rise to power and subsequent assassination represent a turning point that marked the end of the Roman Republic and the beginning of the Roman Empire. Despite his assassination, his legacy remains unforgettable in the history of Rome and the western world.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"due1n","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"duqhh","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"c2oet","text":"You might be interested in:","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"7csba","text":"A comprehensive overview of the Roman Empire is provided by the timeline The Roman Empire","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":73,"length":16,"key":21}],"data":{}},{"key":"c9gu","text":"A comprehensive overview of history can be found in Complete History","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":52,"length":16,"key":22}],"data":{}},{"key":"8klfb","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"b3icg","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"8mlab","text":"Roman Dictators","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":15,"key":23}],"data":{}},{"key":"14mfs","text":"Roman Senators","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":14,"key":24}],"data":{}},{"key":"4t85v","text":"Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":22,"key":25}],"data":{}},{"key":"4kk90","text":"Cleopatra","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":9,"key":26}],"data":{}},{"key":"ea303","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"2hgua","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"euplo","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"73kn5","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}}],"entityMap":{"0":{"type":"softmanufakturInfoBlockType","mutability":"MUTABLE","data":{"item":{"content":"{\"blocks\":[{\"key\":\"chhu5\",\"text\":\"Quotes and Important Events of 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Caesar, Gaius Iulius
Crossing of the Rubicon "alea iacta est"
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Appointment as High Priest of Jupiter by Gaius Marius
Married to Cornelia Cinna, daughter of Lucius Cornelius Cinnilla
Caesar's wife dies in 69 BC
Daughter Julia
Caesar is forced to hide because he refuses to divorce his wife
Service in the Roman army in Turkey
Award for bravery during the siege of Mytilene
Return to Rome after the death of Sulla
[Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix](-483783)
Caesar becomes a lawyer
Caesar is captured by pirates on the way to Rhodes. He is released after a month.
Caesar gathers a fleet and kills the pirates who had previously captured him (March or later)
Formation of his own army. Caesar participates in the Third Mithridatic War.
Caesar is elected Pontifex (high spiritual official)
Election as consul
War against the Helvetii
Caesar conquers Britain
On a campaign against the Parthians in Asia Minor, Crassus is killed. The feud between Caesar and Pompey begins
Civil war between Caesar and Pompey
[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus](-125414)
The general Sulla, who has returned from the Orient marches to Rome and seizes power.
[Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix](-483783)
Caesar becomes military tribune (officer)
Caesar becomes quaestor (tax collector) in Spain
Married to Pompeia
The marriage ends in divorce
Praetor in Spain
Married to Calpurnia
Caesar conquers Gaul
Campaign in Africa
The Senate appoints Caesar dictator for life
Caesar is assassinated by a group of senators led by Marcus Iunius Brutus on the Ides of March with 23 stab wounds
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Death of Caesar's mother
Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus form the first triumvirate in Roman history
War against the Belgae
The modern state of Belgium roughly corresponds to the territory of the Belgae, but there is no historical connection
Renewal of the triumvirate at the Conference of Luca
War against the coastal tribes
Annihilation of the Usipetes and Tencteri (Germanic tribes)
In modern genocide research, this is considered an early example of genocide (Ben Kiernan: Blood and soil. A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur. New Haven et al. 54224, p. 58)
Second British Expedition
Caesar loves Cleopatra
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Introduction of the Julian calendar
[Confused year / Julian calendar / Gregorian calendar](27)
Battle of Munda
last battle in the civil war between Gaius Iulius Caesar and the conservative Republicans https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Munda
Battle of Thapsus
Caesar defeated the supporters of the Senate during the Roman Civil War. Marcus Porcius Cato the Younger committed suicide. After the Bellum Africum, Caesar himself rode in the front row and invoked Felicitas, the goddess of luck. According to Plutarch, however, Caesar did not participate in the battle because an epileptic seizure prevented him.
Appointment as dictator of Rome for ten years
The Senate decrees that Caesar must disband his army and lay down his command over Gaul and Illyria, before he can run for consul again
The Roman Senate decrees that Caesar must disband his army and lay down his imperium, i.e., his command over Gaul and Illyria, before he can run for consul again
De bello Gallico - First Book: War against the Helvetii and the German Ariovistus
De bello Gallico - Second Book: War against the Belgae
De bello Gallico - Third Book: War against the Veneti in the northwest and the Aquitani in the south
De bello Gallico - Fourth Book: War against Germans, first crossing of the Rhine, first British expedition
De bello Gallico - Fifth Book: War against Britain, uprising of the Gauls
De bello Gallico - Sixth Book: Uprising of the Gauls, second crossing of the Rhine, digressions on Gauls and Germans
De bello Gallico - Seventh Book: The uprising of Vercingetorix
De bello Gallico - Eighth Book: The years 51 BC and 50 BC (by Aulus Hirtius)
Battle of Pharsalus
Battle of the Roman Civil Wars
Veni, vidi, vici
Caesar is said to have uttered these words after defeating Pharnaces II in a five-day campaign.
The Senate rejects Caesar's proposal for a simultaneous disbandment of his arm and that of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus and commissions Pompey with the defense of Rome against Caesar, who is encamped at the Rubicon
In the Alexandrian War, the united armies of Gaius Iulius Caesar and Mithridates of Pergamum achieve victory near Alexandria over the Egyptian forces under King Ptolemy XIII. The Egyptian ruler drowns in the Nile while fleeing after the battle.