Overview history
central European-influenced perspective
{"blocks":[{"key":"3h0eg","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"8pvso","text":"-","type":"atomic","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":1,"key":0}],"data":{}},{"key":"c1dnd","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"2nm00","text":"Advanced Civilizations","type":"header-two","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"ecv1t","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"10lv8","text":"-","type":"atomic","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":1,"key":1}],"data":{}},{"key":"qich","text":"We begin our journey with the first advanced civilizations that developed around 5000 years ago. In the fertile region of Mesopotamia, the first city-states like Ur and Babylon emerged. Fundamental innovations such as writing (cuneiform) and the wheel were invented here. At the same time, Egypt flourished with its highly developed administration, impressive structures like the pyramids, and a complex religion that centered on the afterlife.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"d6mag","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"575g2","text":"Advanced civilizations emerged in various parts of the world and laid the foundation for modern civilizations.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"dn2k9","text":"Characteristic of these cultures were complex social structures, central administration, the development of writing, and impressive technical and cultural achievements. This section provides an overview of some of the most significant advanced civilizations in Eurasia, Africa, and America.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"92vu0","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"dmcsp","text":"Eurasia and Africa","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"ablid","text":"-","type":"atomic","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":1,"key":2}],"data":{}},{"key":"borbf","text":"The earliest advanced civilizations developed in the Middle East, a region considered the \"cradle of civilization\" due to its fertile soil and favorable climate.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"3okak","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"6096i","text":"Egypt: As early as about 4000 BC, Egyptian high culture flourished in the Nile Valley, known for its pyramids, hieroglyphic writing, and a strongly centralized monarchy.","type":"unordered-list-item","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":5,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":5,"key":3}],"data":{}},{"key":"4dl8t","text":"Sumer: In the 4th millennium BC, the Sumerian culture began in Mesopotamia, between the Euphrates and Tigris. Sumerians developed cuneiform writing and organized themselves into city-states like Uruk and Ur.","type":"unordered-list-item","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":5,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":5,"key":4}],"data":{}},{"key":"473i","text":"Elam: This culture, which existed from about 3500 BC in what is now southwestern Iran, was distinguished by its own script and craftsmanship.","type":"unordered-list-item","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":4,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":4,"key":5}],"data":{}},{"key":"fmhgl","text":"Akkad: Between 2340 and 2200 BC, Sargon of Akkad established the first known empire in Mesopotamia.","type":"unordered-list-item","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":5,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":5,"key":6}],"data":{}},{"key":"bs3o6","text":"Mari and Ebla: These Syrian cities were important centers of trade and administration in the 3rd and 2nd millennium BC.","type":"unordered-list-item","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":4,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":4,"key":7},{"offset":5,"length":4,"key":8}],"data":{}},{"key":"2k8h7","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"3oqma","text":"Other significant advanced civilizations in the region include the Indus or Harappa Culture (2800–1800 BC) in India, known for planned cities like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, as well as the Erlitou Culture in China (2000–1500 BC), which possibly served as a precursor to the Xia dynasty. Central Asia hosted the Oxus Culture (2200–1700 BC), noted for its intricate metalwork.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":67,"length":24,"style":"BOLD"},{"offset":188,"length":3,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":67,"length":24,"key":9},{"offset":188,"length":3,"key":10}],"data":{}},{"key":"fkjp2","text":"","type":"header-four","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"b64j3","text":"Central and South America","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"akmhg","text":"In the New World, advanced civilizations developed independently of those in the Old World, impressing with their pyramids, extensive trade networks, and profound scientific knowledge.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"6s4da","text":"Chavín Culture: The Chavín culture (1200–200 BC) in present-day Peru was an early center of religion and art in South America.","type":"unordered-list-item","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":6,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":6,"key":11}],"data":{}},{"key":"bs2u0","text":"Caral: The settlement of Caral, one of the oldest cities in the Americas, existed around 3000 to 2500 BC and is considered the cradle of Andean civilization.","type":"unordered-list-item","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":5,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":5,"key":12}],"data":{}},{"key":"ccmlo","text":"Maya Civilization: The Maya, known for their writing and complex calendars, flourished from around 3000 BC to 900 AD on the Yucatán Peninsula and beyond.","type":"unordered-list-item","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":4,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":4,"key":13}],"data":{}},{"key":"chu11","text":"Moche: Between 100 and 700 AD, the Moche culture developed, known for their impressive ceramics and pyramids.","type":"unordered-list-item","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":5,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":5,"key":14}],"data":{}},{"key":"4hh4e","text":"Teotihuacán: This city, which existed around 100 to 650 AD in Mexico, was an important religious and economic center.","type":"unordered-list-item","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":11,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":11,"key":15}],"data":{}},{"key":"247vj","text":"Inca and Aztecs: The Inca Empire (1200–1550) and the Aztec Empire (1350–1550) were the last great empires before the arrival of Europeans. Both cultures impressed with their administration and architecture.","type":"unordered-list-item","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":4,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":4,"key":16},{"offset":5,"length":7,"key":17}],"data":{}},{"key":"3tusd","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"8ffj5","text":"Similarities and Differences","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"39vra","text":"Advanced civilizations worldwide often developed along rivers or other vital resources. This allowed for stable agriculture, which in turn led to the formation of complex societies. While the advanced civilizations in Eurasia and Africa were strongly influenced by writing and trade, the cultures of the Americas placed great importance on architecture and astronomy, although they only developed their own writing systems later.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"ce16j","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"8gehs","text":"Antiquity","type":"header-two","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"62q5s","text":"Antiquity began around 800 BC and extended until the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. It was a time of political, cultural, and scientific flourishing.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"4p47a","text":"Ancient Greece","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"8bebg","text":"-","type":"atomic","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":1,"key":18}],"data":{}},{"key":"cm34","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"9r7p6","text":"Ancient Greece is considered the cradle of democracy, philosophy, and art. City-states (poleis) like Athens and Sparta developed different political systems, with Athens establishing the first democracy in world history. Philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle influenced thinking into the modern era.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"bd07n","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"d2ush","text":"The Roman Empire","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"6ks1d","text":"-","type":"atomic","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":1,"key":19}],"data":{}},{"key":"btgjk","text":"The Roman Empire followed the Greek advanced civilization and developed into the most powerful force in the Mediterranean. Its Republic (509–27 BC) and later the Empire shaped Europe for centuries. With the Pax Romana (Roman Peace), the empire experienced a period of stability and economic prosperity.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"33ll3","text":"A key event of antiquity was the Constantinian Shift (313 AD), when Emperor Constantine legalized Christianity and later made it the state religion. This fundamentally changed the religious landscape of Europe.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":33,"length":19,"key":20}],"data":{}},{"key":"6cgq9","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"8e6cs","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"5j4fn","text":"The Middle Ages","type":"header-two","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"1ghsj","text":"The Middle Ages (ca. 500–1500 AD) began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and were characterized by feudalism, the Church, and the migration period.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"2i8c","text":"The Migration Period","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":4,"length":16,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":4,"length":16,"key":21}],"data":{}},{"key":"davgr","text":"Between the 4th and 6th centuries, Germanic tribes such as the Goths, Vandals, and Lombards caused massive population movements. This overlapping of cultures accelerated the transformation of Europe.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"19id3","text":"The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":4,"length":38,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":4,"length":38,"key":22}],"data":{}},{"key":"6v18b","text":"In the year 800, Charlemagne was crowned emperor by the pope. His empire later developed into the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, which lasted until 1806. It was a loosely constituted power structure shaped by the power of the emperors and the influence of the Church.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"erhd1","text":"The Crusades (11th–13th century) were another central event of this time. 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This ushered in the age of colonization and led to a global exchange of goods, ideas, and diseases (Columbian Exchange).","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"2kc8r","text":"The Ancien Régime","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":4,"length":13,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":4,"length":13,"key":24}],"data":{}},{"key":"6uj5d","text":"The Ancien Régime refers to the monarchies of the 16th to 18th centuries in Europe. Absolutist rulers like Louis XIV of France ruled with unlimited power, supported by the concept of divine right.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"aeuq7","text":"The Thirty Years' War","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":4,"length":17,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":4,"length":17,"key":25}],"data":{}},{"key":"8lvv4","text":"Between 1618 and 1648, the Thirty Years' War devastated Central Europe. The conflict began as a religious war between Catholics and Protestants but expanded into a power struggle. The Peace of Westphalia in 1648 laid the foundation for the modern state system.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"45iko","text":"The American Declaration of Independence","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":4,"length":36,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":4,"length":36,"key":26}],"data":{}},{"key":"fmeio","text":"In 1776, the 13 colonies in North America declared their independence from Great Britain. The Declaration of Independence, authored by Thomas Jefferson, emphasized the rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"69ej5","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"fhbcr","text":"-","type":"atomic","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":1,"key":27}],"data":{}},{"key":"1l1us","text":"The French Revolution","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":4,"length":17,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":4,"length":17,"key":28}],"data":{}},{"key":"8p9u6","text":"The French Revolution (1789–1799) led to the overthrow of the monarchy and spread the ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity. It influenced revolutionary movements worldwide.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"84g8e","text":"The Napoleonic Wars","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":4,"length":15,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":4,"length":15,"key":29}],"data":{}},{"key":"b0fdb","text":"Napoleon Bonaparte took power after the revolution and led Europe into a series of wars. His downfall began with the Russian campaign in 1812. After the defeat at Waterloo in 1815, he was sent into exile.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"6uigq","text":"The Industrial Revolution","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":4,"length":21,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":4,"length":21,"key":30}],"data":{}},{"key":"da9i6","text":"From the 18th century onwards, the Industrial Revolution fundamentally changed the economy. The invention of machines like the steam engine and the expansion of factories led to an unprecedented mode of production.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"88ees","text":"Restoration and July Revolution of 1830","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":11,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":11,"key":31},{"offset":12,"length":23,"key":32}],"data":{}},{"key":"fuvft","text":"After Napoleon's fall, the monarchical order was restored at the Congress of Vienna in 1815. However, the July Revolution of 1830 in France once again questioned the legitimacy of monarchies.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"6430u","text":"Vormärz and German Revolution","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":7,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":7,"key":33},{"offset":8,"length":17,"key":34}],"data":{}},{"key":"d7reg","text":"The Vormärz (1815–1848) was a phase of liberal and national movements in Germany. The revolution of 1848 demanded civil liberties and national unity but failed due to the disunity of the revolutionaries.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"dmvg4","text":"North German Confederation and German Empire","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":26,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":26,"key":35},{"offset":27,"length":14,"key":36}],"data":{}},{"key":"2ldh9","text":"In 1867, the North German Confederation was established under Prussian leadership, a significant step towards German unity. This was completed in 1871 after the victory over France in the Franco-Prussian War, when Wilhelm I was proclaimed emperor of the newly founded German Empire in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles. The empire was a federal nation-state, marked by economic growth, social legislation under Bismarck, and internal tensions between conservative and liberal forces.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"ffmra","text":"First World War","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":15,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":15,"key":37}],"data":{}},{"key":"52k3f","text":"The First World War (1914–1918) was a global conflict triggered by imperial tensions, nationalism, and a complex alliance system. The war claimed millions of lives and ended with the defeat of the Central Powers. The Treaty of Versailles of 1919 burdened Germany with high reparations and territorial losses, exacerbating political and social tensions in the long term.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"6e6jn","text":"Weimar Republic","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":15,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":15,"key":38}],"data":{}},{"key":"a7ci7","text":"The Weimar Republic (1919–1933) was Germany's first democratic form of government but faced challenges from the start. Hyperinflation, political instability, and the Great Depression of 1929 weakened the young republic. At the same time, art and culture flourished in this period, particularly through movements like Bauhaus and Expressionism.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"fn3ca","text":"The Third Reich","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":4,"length":11,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":4,"length":11,"key":39}],"data":{}},{"key":"2o56a","text":"-","type":"atomic","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":1,"key":40}],"data":{}},{"key":"8ecf6","text":"In 1933, the National Socialists under Adolf Hitler took power and established a totalitarian dictatorship. This period was marked by the persecution of political opponents, anti-Semitic policies that culminated in the Holocaust, and an aggressive foreign policy that triggered the Second World War in 1939.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"at5db","text":"Second World War","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":16,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":16,"key":41}],"data":{}},{"key":"46e8a","text":"The Second World War (1939–1945) was the most devastating conflict in human history. Germany began the war with the invasion of Poland, followed by blitzkriegs in Europe. The turning point of the war began with the Battle of Stalingrad in 1942/43. After Germany's surrender on May 8, 1945, the war in Europe ended, while the Pacific War only ended with the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Millions of people died, and the world order was reshaped.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"31dbh","text":"The German Division and the Cold War","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":4,"length":15,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":4,"length":15,"key":42},{"offset":24,"length":10,"key":43}],"data":{}},{"key":"8f607","text":"After the war, Germany was divided into four occupation zones. In 1949, the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) was established in the West and the German Democratic Republic (GDR) in the East. This division reflected the Cold War between the USA and the Soviet Union, which shaped world politics until 1990. Events like the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961 and its opening in 1989 mark central turning points of this era.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"75bnn","text":"The First Human on the Moon","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":4,"length":23,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":4,"length":23,"key":44}],"data":{}},{"key":"b5gvi","text":"In 1969, humanity reached a milestone in the history of science and technology with the moon landing of the Apollo 11 mission. Neil Armstrong's famous words, \"That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind,\" symbolize this triumph of technological progress during the arms and space race of the Cold War.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"bh8bu","text":"The European Union","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":4,"length":14,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":4,"length":14,"key":45}],"data":{}},{"key":"b87ot","text":"The post-war period led to the idea of a united Europe to promote peace and economic stability. The European Union (EU) developed from the European Coal and Steel Community. With the Maastricht Treaty in 1993, the EU was founded, today a significant player on the global political stage.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"3elpm","text":"The Corona Pandemic","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":4,"length":15,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":4,"length":15,"key":46}],"data":{}},{"key":"2dgr3","text":"From 2019, the world was gripped by the COVID-19 pandemic, which had far-reaching social, economic, and health impacts. It posed unprecedented challenges to societies and led to new developments in medicine and technology, particularly through the rapid development of vaccines. This global crisis has profoundly changed the world.","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"b9aft","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"4oc2l","text":"Interesting hiStories","type":"header-two","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"cguol","text":"-","type":"atomic","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":1,"key":47}],"data":{}},{"key":"euplo","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"73kn5","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}}],"entityMap":{"0":{"type":"softmanufakturInfoBlockType","mutability":"MUTABLE","data":{"item":{"content":"{\"blocks\":[{\"key\":\"61k7o\",\"text\":\"In the classical sense, the history of mankind begins only with the invention of writing around 3000 B.C. 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\n[Middle Ages](-12554) \n[Early Modern Period](-5308718) \n[The Thirty Years' War](-2487) \n[Ancien Régime](-234081) \n[French Revolution](280) \n[Restoration](-207162) \n[Pre-March](-700923) \n[German Revolution 1848/49](-3699) \n[Industrial Revolution](-2269) \n[German Empire](-43287) \n[Russian Revolution](-8729) \n[Weimar Republic](87) \n[First World War](286) \n[Nazism (\"Third Reich\")](-518617) \n[Second World War](-362) \n[German Division](-14545580) \n[German Unity](310) \n[Cold War](-8683) \n[European Union](-458) \n[Ancient Egypt](334) \n. \n___What was before? Look at the following histories:___ \n[Eras of Earth's History](165) \n[Periods of Human History](202) \n[High Cultures](203) \n\n___This might also interest you:___ \n[The History of Germany](251)"},"width":45,"height":0,"alignment":"default"}}}}
Antiquity
Antiquity is an era in the Mediterranean region that ranges from about 800 BC to around 600 AD, although the beginning is sometimes set significantly earlier.
Middle Ages
[Article 'Middle Ages' on Wikipedia](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mittelalter)
Early Modern Period
[Article on 'Early Modern Period' on Wikipedia](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%BChe_Neuzeit)
Late Middle Ages
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Thirty Years' War
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French Revolution
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Restoration
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German Revolution
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Russian Revolution
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First World War
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Second World War
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German Division
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Cold War
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European Union
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July Revolution of 1830
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Vormärz
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Industrial Revolution
Ancien Régime
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Third Reich
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Weimar Republic
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German Empire
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Napoleonic Wars
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North German Confederation
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Ancient Greece
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Roman Empire
Discovery of America
United States Declaration of Independence
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Early Middle Ages
High Middle Ages
Treaty of Versailles
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Migration Period
First Human on the Moon
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Constantinian Shift
Corona Pandemic
Development of Global Population [Billion pax]
Ancient Egypt
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Holy Roman Empire
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Sumer
Elam
Akkad
Hundred Years' War
Mari
Ebla
Indus/Harappa
Oasis/Oxus
Erlitou
Chavín
Tiwanaku
Teotihuacán
Moche
Caral
Olmec
Maya
Toltec
Inca
Aztec
Xia Dynasty