OLM
* Jan Nicolass Diepen
* Maria Magdalena Adriana van der Voort
wife to Jan Nicolaas Diepen
+ Johannes Diepen
Johannes Diepen died
J. N. Diepen Inc got established
Jan Nicolass Diepen established the J. N. Diepen Inc, became biggest employer in tilburg, 250 workers
Houses on Bergdijk -> Jan Nicolas Diepen
The houses on the Bergdijk came in Jan Nicolass Diepen possession
* Jan Baptist Tooten
Jan Baptist Tooten was born in Appeltern, Gerderland
Jan Baptist Tooten moved to Tilburg
Jan Baptist Tooten moved to Tilburg to his grandpa after 1860s
Primary school Bergdijk
children could visit the primary school in Bergdijk they were registered to go to school until they were 14 years old, there are no records if they actually went
* Maria Mathea Johanna Wilhelmina Diepen
daughter of Jan Nicolaas Diepen and Maria Magdalena Adriana van der Voort
2 houses demolished replaced by 3 new houses
became part of a row of 6 houses these houses were small and not equipped with big windows as usually unusual that the manufacturer built houses for workers residents of the houses: Cornelis van Asten + wife + 10 children Adam Mutsaars, day laborer and widower Maria Heerkens, widow, waving son and daughter Maria Mallens, Widow, four children Hendrik de Beer, day laborer with young family Cornelis Venmans, weaver + family all of them were born and raised in Tilburg
* Johanna Hendrika Maria Catharina Arnoldina Diepen
daughter of Jan Nicolaas Diepen and Maria Magdalena Adriana van der Voort
+ Jan Nicolaas Diepen
Jan Nicolaas Diepen died
Houses + Comapny -> Maria Magdalena Adriana van der Voort
The houses and the firm goes to the hand of Maria Magdalena Adriana van der Voort
43 people died of cholera
many victims were from the poor neighborhood the outside toilets and dung heaps were very close to the drinking water well Heike was the first neighborhood, Goirke and Korvel followed the municipal council had the heaps removed and enforced disinfection because of this, the first starts of a sewerage and water supply were constructed
Heaps
heaps were a thing until 1930s
Most common water supply: pump/well water
Male choir society “l'Echo des Montagnes” was founded
as a response to the “Souvenir des Montagnards”? became a form of entertainment for the upper and middle class
Marching band got popular
at the end of the 19th century, the choir had less and less members, they were all going to the marching band
Augustinus de Laat and widow Johanna Catharina Van Baast remarried
widower Augustinus de Laat and widow Johanna Catharina Van Baast remarried (both were weavers)
New Boys School
one brotherhood in Krovel build the “new boys school”
+ Karel Lodewijk
Karel Lodewijk died, son of Jan Nicolaas Diepen and Maria Magdalena Adriana van der Voort
Furniture findings on lists by notaries
To find out about furniture in that time, use estate lists, made by notaries few have been made for working class people
Smallpox
numerous victims, especially children possible victims: children of weaver Theodorus Horvers, Laurentius Mutsaers and Wilhelmina van Gesgel half of the people died in this period died of smallpox most victims were in Heike and Goirke and Krovel smallpox is less contagious and less deadly than cholera only if you were exposed to a sick person for a long time or came in contact with clothing/bedding it would become dangerous with bumps all over them the survival rate was 40% if a person survives they would carry big scars with them for the rest of their lives some patients went blind or got pneumonia or joint infections as measurements: musicians and pendlers were not welcomed in the city many relatives and religious people had to take of patients
Gebroeders Diepen
The firm “Gebroeders Diepen” got sold to the textile firm Van Dooren en Dams
Smallpox vaccine
everything smallpox patiences came in contact with got burned Health administration: please vaccinate doctors vaccinated at schools, factories and workshops especially children were vaccinated and it was quite successful
* Tinus Swinkels
Tinus Swinkels was born, famous amateur photographer
+ Maria Magdalena Adriana van der Voort
Maria Magdalena Adriana van der Voort died
Houses -> children
Maria Magdalena Adriana van der Voort died -> Her minor children inherited the houses
Armand and Gustav joining J. N. Diepen Inc
Maria Magdalena Adriana van der Voorts nephews Armand and Gustav are joining the firm they had their own factory with their dad (Gebroeders Diepen)
Pigeon Races gain popularity
the sport of pigeon flying races became popular the pigeons were transported by train somewhere else and then released the owner of the fastest one was got a price
Sisters of Charity nursed people suffering of smallpox
“Sisters of charity” of the Sint Elisabeth hospital nursed many people suffering from smallpox Sister Febrona took care of 400 smallpox patients, 80 cholera patients and a great amount of typhoid sufferers
Fire in weaving room
A fire demolished the weaving room of Hendrik Verhoeven
different people in different houses
four different families lived in the house “40” two weaver families one day labor one factory worker house “42” was also inherited by different people day laborers and farmers the family that lived in house 44 stayed longer Family of weaver Mallens lived there for 10 years in one house mason Van de Sande lived for there 10 years probably worked in one of the nearby factories
Berkelsmans 45 pieces
Engelbert Brekelmans weaved 45 pieces of cloth in one year
Houses -> Cornelis de Rooy -> Petrus “Peter” Cornelis de Groot
Mathea and Joanna Diepen sold the houses to Cornelis de Rooy shortly after that they got into the hands weaver Petrus “Peter” Cornelis de Groot
Weaver Adrianus Hultermans and Elisabeth Johanna Engel married
Weaver Adrianus (Janus/Joaneke) Hultermans and Elisabeth Johanna Engel married moved into building 40 Janus was working for Frans Mutsaerts
Stop working at home
Engelbert Brekelmans stopped weaving at home and started working in a factory
Berkelmans lived in house 42
Engelbert Berkelmans lived with his strongly growing family in house 42
* Johannes Franciscus Hultermans
Johannes Franciscus Hultermans was born, son of Adrianus Hultermans and Elisabeth Johanna Engel
Movers were more sucessfull
People who came from outside of Tilburg in the second half of the century were more successful that residents that lived there their whole live -> they got careers faster
Residential culture became favorable
tilburgs residential culture was favorable compared to other dutch cities long backyards (bleaching fields, vegetable garden, animal keeping) rising kitchen people who were renting houses got a water tap very late because of the high prices for the owners good room
Houses got improved
Peter de Groot gave instruction to improve the houses together with his son Adriaan Cornelis De Groot became representative of builders and owners They systematically bought land on which the built or improved houses the last time an extended family lived in the houses, after that only young families with children lived in the houses, extended family close by
Rebuild nighborhood houses
Peter de Groot instructed workers to rebuild neighborhood houses
trying to abolish death barrel
medics urged to abolish the barrel practice they were not planning on letting this go
Music kiosk was gifted
the male choir gets a music kiosk as a gift from Patron Adolf van Dooren the first place where generally accessible folk concerts were given
coin meters for gas
coin meters for gas became popular before that gas was only interesting for rich people
request of subsidy
The choir requested a subsidy for a music school, as part of education
* Wilhelmus Cornelis Hubertus
Wilhelmus Cornelis Hubertus was born, son Adrianus Hultermans and Elisabeth Johanna Engel
houses to close the gabs
Peter de Groot added three houses to close the gaps
biers were poured in the grocery shop
Jan Baptist Tooten poured beers in his grocery shop close to Korvel, the new house was his property
Korveldestrict
The Korvelplein in the Korveldestrict offers different facilities non religious facilities for entertainment the music kiosk of the male choir a crossbow club at J. B. Tootens beer tapper the carrier pigeon association “La Grande Vitesse”; Innkeeper F. Smits the waterstaats church build by the durch water managment a rectory in the former house of the widow Jellinghaus many residents belonged to a fraternities, which became important tools members could take part in various religious activities (as entertainment)
Jan Hultermann played the trumpet
It’s not possible to know if the Hultermans took part in any of these clubs Jan Hultermann was active in the harmony, he played the side trompet
House weaving
house weaving after that time was only done by people over 50 or unmarried women children had not choice but work after school other kids activities: weave spooling, bring the textile to the factory they had not much free time but it would be considered exploitation
Handkerchief
the handkerchief became a thing in the working class before that people will just close one nostril und blow through the other one onto the floor there was a layer of sand on the floor that should absorb everything and got replaced several times a week sweeping the sand might cause tuberculosis through the air anti-tuberculosis campaign to use handkerchief and a spittoon housewives were advised to the plate and cutlery of the tuberculosis patient last, to prevent contamination
Jan Franciscus Hultermans was accepted as Brother
Johannes (Jan) Franciscus Hultermans was accepted into Congregation of the Brothers of Onze Lieve Vrouw van Lourdes in Dongen
Houses Peter de Groot -> Wilhelmus van Heeswijk
Wilhelmus van Heeswijk (baker), brought the houses from Peter de Groot his son took the ownership later on, he only showed up to collect the rent
first pigeon exchange market
first pigeon exchange market
advertisement for breastfeeding
advertisement for encouraging breastfeeding starts goat milk was not suitable suppliers of bad milk were mentioned by name in the newspapers
First Tap Water
pastor W.H. van Beschouwen (1903 to 1911) was one of the first to enjoy tap water
Tram got introduced
A tram started to run from the hill via Korvel to Goirle and Hilvarenbeek
High child mortality
women barely breastfeed their children because of shame (church) children were fed with bottles with a rubber tube the rubber tube could never be cleaned efficiently
health risk: pigeons
keeping pigeons above the kitchen was a health risk attic was the most used place for pigeon lofts when they open their wings they would spread white skin material this could spread to the children bedrooms in the attic as well later the lofts were made of spare wood in the garden pigeons were an opportunity to step out of the anoymoys working class and get some extra money pigeons were very popular with minors to compensate the underground work the younger wives could not understand how their husbands could care so much for their animals
New chairman of choir
Emile van Dooren became chairman of the choir (?) he turned the brass band into a harmony
Samples from children bottles
samples where taken from the bottles children were fed, 75% were contaminated
birth without guidance
one third of all woman had to give birth without professional guidance
pigeon sport assosications
The association of pigeon sport associations became a thing
Jan Hultermans worked as a warehouse clerk
Jan Hultermans worked as a warehouse clerk in a psychiatric institution
increase of births
number of births increases
outside toilets are still around
outside toilets and cesspools were still widely used
Gas light
house 40 got gas light
Wilhelmus Cornelis Hubertus was accepted as a brother
Wilhelmus Cornelis Hubertus was accepted into Congregation of the Brothers of Onze Lieve Vrouw van Lourdes in Dongen He becomes brother Patricius and worked in god houses in Bosch
Tinus photographed twins
Tinus photographed the dead Twins Leonardus and Petrus Johannes Migchels the family has lost and will lose more children
Water taps in the houses
Baker Van Heeswijk installed water taps in his 17 houses they only got one tap, 50 or 60 cm above the ground one tap makes it cheaper
Banner
the now harmony got a banner from van Dooren’s wife
Sleeping normalities
box beds were used by the head of the family Betje slept in the rinsing kitchen, his son slept in the box bed this was common when one of the children became a priest or a monk
Typhus
typhus became an illness, probably because of well water
Yellow-White Cross
the Wit-Gele Kruis was founded because of the high infant mortality the influence of medical profession strengthen infant mortality decreased a consultation bureau got established
The barrel disappeared
the busselke would disappear from society
Sick kids gets doctor help
it became custom to call a doctor when a child got sick
maternity care update
only 25% of mothers made use of the maternity care from the white yellow cross only 40% made use of the consultation bureau many women relied on tipps from their relatives and neighbors
outside toilets disappear
outside toilets disappear, like manure heaps
maternity courses
the white yellow cross started to organize maternity courses and share information there
Madam van Riel made notes
Madam van Riel made notes during pregnancy facts about breastfeeding not wrapping your child to thick wash your child in smaller bath tubes change diapers often protect the baby against hot water preparing maternity bed
Bertje Eijgenraam became a social worker
Bertje Eijgenraam became a social worker for the workers houses she tried to improve the living situation with youth and women clubs no diploma good connection to the saint Elizabeth association they made clothing for poor children later changed into financial contributions went shopping with one of the needing mothers evening courses in domestic and pedagogical matters like the white yellow cross a good meal with fish, meat or eggs and seasonal vegetables didn’t had to be more expensive than bread with sugar
Kitchen + Dirt in houses
there were no clear kitchen room the tab was somewhere in the living room the wall was always wet buckets were placed underneath the kitchen counter was somewhere else ____ drains overflowed by bad weather a lot of dirt came into the house with bad weather they decided to demolish and entire area because of these bad conditions decided by the major after advice of the doctors
Hyiene in houses
drains overflowed by bad weather a lot of dirt came into the house with bad weather they decided to demolish and entire area because of these bad conditions decided by the major after advice of the doctors
Nurses in houses (Cor Van Gils, Toos Rozen-van Gilszon)
the third house was the house of the district nurse various girls chose this profession they continued to live at home/their parents the chance of living independently was very small nurses were early adopters Cor Van Gils lived in the home as district nurse she had a telefone so she could be called got a washing machine quite early had no time for hobbies but enjoyed a swin before work made trips to cities like paris or rome she got free tickets because her dad worked at a railway company the sisters got a mopet and later a car as soon as possible Toos Rozen-van Gilszon was in a choir both read books subscribed to the Volkskrant Public Art Porperty Their mothers/aunts made dresses for them basteln
Nursery Degree (Cor van Gils)
nurses needed to have degree religious people stopped being active in district care difficult transition period Cor van Gils became the new nurse no training period the sisters from the yellow-white cross left almost no paper work they told the new sisters what to do but nothing about the status of the patient they had to go and find out why themselves
Still only one water tap
still only one water tap also in new constructions they might got an inbuilt shower
Hygiene in the 1950s
the hygiene wasn’t very bad women got up at 5 o’clock in the summer polish the house and do laundry laundry was still done with the washboard at 10 everything was done and they could enjoy a cup of coffee and visit the neighbors
no outside toilets anymore
houses 40 till 44 got rid of their outside toilets
+ Tinus Swinkels died
Tinus Swinkels died
Barrels were still a thing
busselke was still practiced in the villages around tilburg
Kitchens got bigger
Kitchens got bigger
Laundry (Toos Rozen-van Gils)
Toos Rozen-van Gils could barely through a house when the weather was bad because of all the laundry inside
Barrel tradition
“pelen” became a tradition children would be allowed to decorate the coffin of their dead friend with flowers sometimes a photographer would be called to make a picture Tinus Swinkels made six post-mortem pictures of children Busselke or wepke became a thing barrel with exhortation “Pray for me” decorated with ribbons, color indicates age white for infants barrels were rented